Global Market Comments
March 1, 2019
Fiat Lux
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Going through Warren Buffet’s letter to the shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway (BRK/A) you can’t help but notice that his performance nosedived from a breathtaking 21.9% in 2017 to a much more sedentary 2.8% last year. That is with an S&P 500 down -4.4%, including dividends.
That compares to my own 23.67% profit for 2018. But Warren has a much higher bar to reach. He does this with a staggering market capitalization that was pegged at $496 billion as of today. At best, the combined buying power of my Trade Alerts is only about a billion dollars.
And here is the stunning piece of information that should have been the headline. Warren has $112 billion in cash and equivalents, some 22.58% of the total, and an all-time high. That means buying stocks at these levels is the least attractive in the fund’s 57-year history.
Buffet would much rather buy back his own stock. He is willing to pay a premium to book value but only when it trades at a discount to intrinsic value, as he did in size during the fourth quarter of 2018.
Which raises one screaming great question. If Warren Buffet isn’t buying stocks, why should you?
Buffet isn’t even buying Apple, which he only started soaking up in 2017. It now is his second largest holding, with an average cost of $140. I’m amazed that the stock didn’t get crushed on this news, but then we live in a constantly amazing world these days.
The big change in Berkshire Hathaway over the years is that it is becoming more of an operating company and less of an investing one. That is because Buffet is increasingly buying entire companies, rather than exchange-traded stocks. One of the reasons for his cash hoard that an effort to buy a company for high double-digit billions of dollars fell through last year.
Still, Warren bought $43 billion worth of public stocks in 2018 and only sold $19 billion worth. These are his five largest public shareholdings and his percentage of outstanding shares:
American Express (AXP) – 17.9%
Apple (AAPL) – 5.4%
Bank of America (BAC) – 9.5%
Coca-Cola (KO) – 9.4%
Wells Fargo (WFC) – 9.8%
Warren likes to break up his entire holdings into five “groves”, as there are too many companies to follow individually.
1) Wholly owned companies where Berkshire has 80%-100% stakes, such as the BNSF railroad and Berkshire Hathaway Energy.
2) Publicly listed equities like those listed above
3) Companies controlled with third parties, like Kraft Heinz (KHT)
4) US Treasury bills
5) Property/Casualty Insurance operations like GEICO that generate an enormous free cash float
Buffet described the enormous tax benefits his company received from the 2017 tax bill. It amounted to the government’s indirect ownership of Berkshire shares falling, which he humorously calls “AA” shares, from 35% to 21% at no cost whatsoever. That greatly increased the value of the remaining shares.
Warren spent the rest of his letter talking about the Great American Tailwind. Since he started investing on March 11, 1942, one dollar invested in the S&P 500 has grown to an eye-popping $5,288! That works out to an average annualized compound return of 11.8% a year.
The end result has been the greatest creation of wealth and rise in standards of living in human history.
That is a tough record to beat.
Global Market Comments
June 21, 2018
Fiat Lux
SPECIAL BIOTECH ISSUE
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Technology and biotechnology are the two seminal investment themes of this century.
And while many tech companies have seen share prices rise 100-fold or more since the millennium, biotech and its parent big pharma have barely moved the needle.
That is about to change.
You can thank the convergence of big data, supercomputing, and the sequencing of the human genome, which overnight, have revolutionized how new drugs are created and brought to market.
So far, only a handful of scientists and industry insiders are in on the new game. Now it's your turn to get in on the ground floor.
The first shot was fired in December 2017 when CVS (CVS) bought Aetna (AET) for an eye-popping $69 billion, puzzling analysts. A flurry of similar health care deals followed, with Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.A), Amazon (AMZN) with its Verily start-up, and J.P. Morgan (JPM) joining the fray.
March followed up with a Cigna (CI) bid for Express Scripts, a pharmacy benefits manager. Apple (AAPL) has suddenly launched a bunch of health care-based apps designed to accumulate its own health data pool.
What's it all about? Or better yet, is there a trade here?
No, it's not a naked bid for market share, or an attempt to front run the next change in health care legislation. It's much deeper than that.
In short, it's all about you, or your data to be more precise.
We have all seen those clever TV ads about IBM's (IBM) Watson mainframe computer knowing what you want before you do. In reality we are now on the third generation of Watson, known as Summit, now the world's fastest super computer.
Summit can process a mind-numbing 4 quadrillion calculations per second. This is computing muscle power that once was associated with a Star Trek episode.
Financed by the Department of Defense to test virtual nuclear explosions and predict the weather, Summit has a few other tricks up its sleeve. It can, for example, store every human genome and medical record of all 330 million people in the United States, process that data instantly, and spit out miracle drugs almost at whim.
You know all those lab tests, X-rays, MRI scans, and other tests you've been accumulating over the years? They add up to some 30% of the world daily data creation, or some 4 petabytes (or 4,000 gigabytes) a day. That's a lot of zeroes and ones.
Up until a couple of years ago, this data just sat there. It was like having a copy of the Manhattan telephone book (if it still exists) but not knowing anyone there. Thanks to Summit we now not only have a few friends in Manhattan, we know everyone's most intimate details.
I have been telling readers for years that if you can last only 10 more years you might be able to live forever, as all major human diseases will be cured during this time. Summit finally gives us the tools to achieve this.
Imagine the investment implications!
The U.S. currently spends more than $3 trillion on health care, or about 15% of GDP, and costs are expected to rise another 6% this year. To modernize this market, you will need to create from scratch four more Apples or six more Facebooks (FB) in terms of market capitalization. You can imagine what getting in early is potentially worth.
Crucial to all of this was Craig Venter's decoding of his own DNA in 2000 for the first time, which cost about $1 billion. Today, you and I can get 23andMe, Ancestry.com or Family Tree DNA to do it for $100, with most of the work done in China.
Of course, key to all of this is getting the medical data for every U.S. citizen on line as fast as possible. The Obama administration began this effort seven years ago. Remember those gigantic overstuffed records rooms at your doctor's office? You don't see them anymore.
But we have a long way to go, and 20% of the U.S. population who don't HAVE any medical records, including all of the uninsured, will be a challenge.
To give you some idea of the potential and convince that I have not gone totally MAD let me tell you about Amgen's (AMGN) sudden interest in Iceland. Yes, Iceland.
There, a struggling, young start-up named deCode sequenced the DNA of the entire population of the country, about 160,000 individuals. It tried to monetize its findings but it was early and lost money hand over fist. So, the company sold out to Amgen in 2012 for $415 million.
Until then targeting molecules for development was based on a hope and a prayer, and only a hugely uneconomic 5% of drugs made it to market. Using artificial intelligence (yes, those NVIDIA graphics processors again) to pretest against the deCode DNA data based it was able to increase that hit rate to 75%.
It's not a stretch to assume that a 15-fold increase in success rates leads to a 15-fold improvement in profitability, or thereabouts.
Word leaked out setting off a gold rush for equivalent data pools that led to the takeover boom described above. And what happens when the pool of data explodes from 160,000 individuals to 330 million? It boggles the mind.
As a result, the health care industry is now benefiting from a "golden age" of oncology. Average life expectancy for chemotherapies is increasing by months at a time for specific cancers.
All of this is happening at a particularly fortuitous time for drug, health care, and biotech companies, which are only just now coming out of a long funk.
Traders seemed to have picked up on this new trend in May, which is why I slapped on a long position in the iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF (IBB) (click here for a full description).
Like many companies in the sector it is coming off of a very solid one-year double bottom and is going ballistic today.
The area is ripe for rotation. Other names you might look at include Biogen (BIIB), Celgene (CELG), and Regeneron (REGN).
If you have grown weary of buying big cap technology stocks at new all-time highs, try adding a few biotech and pharmaceutical stocks to spice this up. The results may surprise you.
As for living forever, that will be the subject of a future research piece. The far future.
Sometime in the early 1970?s, a friend of mine said I should take a look at a stock named Berkshire Hathaway (BRKA) run by a young stud named Warren Buffett.
I thought, ?Why the hell should I invest in a company that makes sheets??
After all, the American textile industry was in the middle of a long trek toward extinction that began in the 1920?s, and was only briefly interrupted by the hyper prosperity of WWII. The industry?s travails were simply an outcome of ever rising US standards of living, which pushed wages, and therefore costs, up.
It turns out that Warren Buffett made a lot more than sheets. However, he is not a young stud anymore, just an old one, like me.
Since then, Warren?s annual letter to investors has been an absolute ?must read? for me when it is published every spring.
It has been edited for the past half century by my friend, Carol Loomis, who just retired after a 60-year career with Fortune magazine. (I never wrote for them because their freelance rates were lousy).
Witty, insightful, and downright funny, I view it as a cross between a Harvard Business School seminar and a Berkeley anti establishment demonstration. You will find me lifting from it my ?Quotes of the Day? for the daily newsletter over the next several issues. There are some real zingers.
And what a year it has been!
Berkshire?s gain in net worth was $18.3 billion, which increased the share value by 8.3%, and today, the market capitalization stands at an impressive $343.4 billion. (Sorry Warren, but I clocked 30% last year, eat your heart out).
The shares are not for small timers, as one now costs $214,801, and no, they don?t sell half shares. This compares to a 1965 per share market value of $23.80, and is why the media are always going gaga over Warren Buffett.
If you?re lazy and don?t want to do the math, that works out to a compound annualized return of an eye popping 21.6%. This is why guessing what Warren is going to do next has become a major cottage industry (Progressive Insurance anyone?).
Warren brought in these numbers despite the fact that its largest non-insurance subsidiary, the old Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad (BNSF) suffered an awful year.
Extensive upgrades under construction and terrible winter weather disrupted service, causing the railroad to lose market share to rival Union Pacific (UNP).
I was kind of pissed when Warren bought BNSF in 2009 for a blockbuster $44 billion, as it was long my favorite trading vehicles for the sector. Since then, its book value has doubled. Typical Warren.
Buffett plans to fix the railroad?s current problems with $6 billion in new capital investment this year, one of the largest single capital investments in American history. Warren isn?t doing anything small these days.
Buffett also got a hickey from his investment in UK supermarket chain Tesco, which ran up a $444 million loss for Berkshire in 2014. Warren admits he was too slow in getting out of the shares, a rare move for the Oracle of Omaha, who rarely sells anything (which avoids capital gains taxes).
Warren increased his investment in all of his ?Big Four? holdings, American Express (AXP), Coca-Cola (KO), IBM (IBM), and Wells Fargo (WFC).
In addition, Berkshire owns options on Bank of America (BAC) stock, which have a current exercise value of $12.5 billion (purchased the day after the Mad Hedge Fund Trader issued a Trade Alert on said stock for an instant 300% gain on the options).
The secret to understanding Buffett picks over the years is that cash flow is king.
This means that he has never participated in the many technology booms over the decades, or fads of any other description, for that matter.
He says this is because he will never buy a business he doesn?t intrinsically understand, and they didn?t offer computer programming as an elective in high school during the Great Depression.
No doubt this has lowered his potential returns, but with the benefit of much lower volatility.
That makes his position in (IBM) a bit of a mystery, the worst performing Dow stock of the past two years. I would much rather own Apple (AAPL) myself, which also boasts great cash flow, and even a dividend these days (with a 1.50% yield).
Warren will be the first to admit that even he makes mistakes, sometimes, disastrous ones. He cites his worst one ever as a perfect example, his purchase of Dexter Shoes for $433 million in 1993. This was right before China entered the shoe business as a major competitor.
Not only did the company quickly go under, he exponentially compounded the error through buying the firm with an exchange of Berkshire Hathaway stock, which is now worth a staggering $5.7 billion.
Ouch, and ouch again!
Warren has also been mostly missing in action on the international front, believing that the mother load of investment opportunities runs through the US, and that its best days lie ahead. I believe the same.
Still, he has dipped his toe in foreign waters from time to time, and I was sometimes quick to jump on his coattails. A favorite of mine was his purchase of 10% of Chinese electric car factory BYD (BYDDF) in 2009, where I have captured a few doubles over the years.
Buffett expounds at great length the attractions of the insurance industry, which today remains the core of his business. For payment of a premium up front, the buyers of insurance policies receive a mere promise to perform in the future, sometimes as much as a half century off.
In the meantime, Warren can invest the money any way he wants. The model has been a real printing press for Buffett since he took over his first insurer in 1951, GEICO.
Much of the letter promotes the upcoming shareholders annual meeting, known as the ?Woodstock of Capitalism?.
There, the conglomerate?s many products will be for sale, including, Justin Boots (I have a pair), the gecko from GEICO (which insures my Tesla S-1), and See?s Candies (a Christmas addiction, love the peanut brittle!).
There, visitors can try their hand at Ping-Pong against Ariel Hsing, a 2012 American Olympic Team member, after Bill Gates and Buffett wear her down first.
They can try their hand against a national bridge champion (don?t play for money). And then there is the newspaper-throwing contest (Buffett?s first gainful employment).
Some 40,000 descend on remote Omaha for the firm?s annual event. All flights to the city are booked well in advance, with fares up to triple normal rates.
Hotels sell out too, and many now charge three-day minimums (after Warren, what is there to do in Omaha for two more days other than to visit PayPal?s technical support?). Buffett recommends Airbnb as a low budget option (for the single shareholders?).
I was amazed to learn that Berkshire files a wrist breaking 24,100-page Federal tax return (and I thought mine was bad!). Add to this a mind numbing 3,400 separate state tax returns.
Overall, Berkshire holdings account for more than 3% of the total US gross domestic product, but a far lesser share of the government?s total tax revenues, thanks to careful planning.
Buffett ends his letter by advertising for new acquisitions and listing his criteria. They include:
(1) ?Large purchases (at least $75 million of pre-tax earnings unless the business will fit into one of our existing units),
(2) ?Demonstrated consistent earning power (future projections are of no interest to us, nor are ?turnaround? situations),
(3) ?Businesses earning good returns on equity while employing little or no debt,
(4) Managemen
t in place (we can?t supply it),
(5) Simple businesses (if there?s lots of technology, we won?t understand it),
(6) An offering price (we don?t want to waste our time or that of the seller by talking, even preliminarily, about a transaction when price is unknown).
Let me know if you have any offers.
To read the entire history of Warren Buffett?s prescient letters, please click here: http://www.berkshirehathaway.com/letters/letters.htm.
