Gene therapy is arguably one of the most fascinating and revolutionary fields in the healthcare and biotechnology industry.

A significant reason for the excitement behind gene therapy is that it provides the possibility of “functional cures,” such as “one-and-done treatments,” for patients. It’s also why these therapies are some of the most costly on the market.

For example, Zolgensma from Novartis (NVS), which focuses on treating spinal muscular atrophy in infants, has a whopping $2 million-plus price tag. Despite that, it’s considered the best option.

For context, its counterpart, Spinraza from Biogen (BIIB), costs roughly $750,000 in the first year of treatment. Unlike Zolgensma, Spinraza needs to be administered four times each year. After the first treatment, patients would need to pay $350,000 per annum. By the fifth year, Spinraza has surpassed the treatment cost of Zolgensma.

Despite its incredible potential, gene therapy is one of the riskiest bets.

Take Bluebird Bio (BLUE) into consideration. This biotech has won not only one but two regulatory approvals for its innovative gene therapies. One is for Skysona, which targets a rare cerebral condition called adrenoleukodystrophy; the other, Zynteglo, is for the blood disorder beta-thalassemia. Unfortunately, this biotech’s price has slid by more than 90% in the past five years.

Working on gene therapies is filled with complicated and challenging obstacles. Most companies in this segment ended up burning through their cash without successfully launching a marketable product. Some examples of these are Voyager Therapeutics (VYGR), Generation Bio (GBIO), and Sio Gene Therapies (SIOX).

However, there is a field in the gene therapy world that has substantially rewarded investors: CRISPR gene editing.

CRISPR means Clustered, Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, which was discovered by Jenifer Doudna and Emannualle Charpentier. Their discovery won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2020.

Basically, CRISPR is utilized by bacteria to recognize genetic sequences that belong to dangerous or harmful viruses and cleave them via specialized enzymes like CAS-9. Eventually, Doudna and Charpentier discovered that the system could be modified to target and remove, destroy, or even edit damaging genetic sequences in human beings.

This discovery gave birth to many biotech companies. Intellia Therapeutics (NTLA) was the brainchild of Doudna, while Charpentier co-founded CRISPR Therapeutics (CRSP).

Over the past five years, NTLA's share price has risen by 146% while CRISPR skyrocketed by 210%. In comparison, the S&P 500 recorded a 53% gain within the same timeframe.

Given the volatility of the field and market volatility, other CRISPR-centered companies failed to replicate this success.

The share price of Editas Medicine (EDIT) fell by 55% over the past five years. Caribou Biosciences (CRBU) also failed to ride the momentum and slid by 44%.

Still, there are positive updates amid the struggles of the sector.

The latest news is from CRISPR Therapeutics, which expects several catalysts in 2023 thanks to its promising pipeline of candidates and clinical trials. So far, one of the most anticipated catalysts is its biologics license application for its sickle cell disease candidate, which the company aims to file by March 2023.

CRISPR Therapeutics developed this candidate, called exa-cel, alongside Vertex Pharmaceuticals (VRTX). It would be the first-ever Crispr-based therapy to edit or rewrite faulty genes if approved. Based on the company’s data, patients who underwent this one-time treatment have continued to be free of sickle cell disease symptoms.

Every year, 100,000 patients in the US are reported to suffer from sickle cell disease. Many companies have offered treatments for this condition for years but no cure. Hence, CRISPR and Vertex’s one-and-done therapy has received a fast-tracked designation. Consequently, this would give the developers sought-after market exclusivity.

As anticipated, CRISPR Therapeutics’ competitors are hot on its heels with sickle cell disease treatments of their own. To date, Prime Medicine (PRME), Beam Therapeutics (BEAM), Editas, and Intellia have candidates queued for clinical trials.

Overall, the gene editing sector continues to be an exciting and interesting field. Investors looking to take part of the action in this segment should consider buying and holding CRISPR Therapeutics stock for at least five years because the company has a reasonable chance of becoming the most dominant name in the business soon.